The Bavarian Ruby and Spinel Diadem

Wikimedia Commons

The Bavarian Ruby and Spinel Diadem was commissioned in 1830 by King Ludwig I of Bavaria as a gift for his wife, Queen Therese. Designed by court jeweler Caspar Rielander, it's a colossal-sized headpiece of gold intricately set with diamonds, rubies, and red spinels in a floral and vine motif. The tiara was so heavy and uncomfortable it gave Queen Therese headaches to wear it, so she rarely did, favoring lighter and smaller tiaras.

The diadem, which is part of a parure of jewels that includes a grand necklace, 2 cuff bracelets, and drop earrings, mostly sat idle in the royal vaults for close to a century until Crown Princess Antonia (Antoinette of Luxembourg) selected it to wear in her official photographs after marrying Crown Prince Rupprecht in 1921. In the era of royalty, monarchs owned and adorned elaborate jewelry to signify status, power, legitimacy, and divinity. To their subjects, royal jewels projected wealth, greatness, continuity, pomp, and national heritage. Today, we value them for their beauty and as relics of the grandeur of a bygone era.

Photo: Franz Grainer

 Bavaria’s royal family is from the house of Wittelsbach -- they ruled in Bavaria beginning in 1180 -- and what ensued is a bit of sad history. During the occupation of the Nazis, the family was part of a resistance plot and had to flee to Italy and Hungary. Prince Rupprecht remained underground in Italy to fight the fascists who took over his country. Meanwhile, after Hungary fell to Germany, on Hitler's personal orders, Princess Antonia and her children were arrested by the Gestapo and sent to concentration camps. She was manourished, tortured for information about her husband, and contracted typhus. Crown Princess Antonia never broke and survived, but was in ill health for the rest of her life. After being liberated in 1945 by the Americans, she never set foot in Germany again. Her children also lived. She died in 1954 at the age of 54.

Nowadays, the Bavarian parure sits on display in the Schatzkammer (meaning treasury) at Residenz in Munich, Germany. Here’s a lovely front view of it. 

Munich is the capital of the federal state of Bavaria, in Southern Germany. It is famous for hosting Oktoberfest, a yearly celebration that first began on October 12, 1810, to honor the marriage of then Crown Prince Ludwig and Princess Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen, the very same couple who left us the Bavarian Ruby and Spinel parure! The Citizens of Munich were invited to a 3-day celebration of the royal union in the fields outside the city gates. The location was christened Theresienwiese (Therese’s Meadow) after the bride. The festival was so much fun, it became an annual event and was affectionately dubbed, The Wiese, as in, “Let's go to “dWiesen."🥨🍺

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