Tuesday, June 2, 2026

What Makes Green Diamonds?

After writing last Thursday's blog, I got curious about green diamonds. I don’t recall ever seeing one. This might be because they make up less than 0.1% of all fancy-colored diamonds on earth. After red, green diamonds are the 2nd rarest diamonds. Unlike most diamonds that get their colors from chemical impurities entering their atomic structure, green diamonds get their color from natural radiation. Over millions of years, alpha and beta rays emitted by radioactive minerals knock carbon atoms out of place in the crystal structure, changing how the stone absorbs light. In other words, radiation exposure creates carbon atom vacancies. This vacancy defect, also known as the GR1 center in a diamond, causes the green color.


According to Only National Diamonds, radiation from alpha particles usually only penetrates a few micrometers deep, leaving a shallow green "skin" on rough stones. Diamond cutters must plan and facet the gem with expert precision to evenly distribute this color throughout the stone. It may explain why we see more radiant cuts in this fancy colored gemstone. The radiant cut’s faceting maximizes light reflection, which intensifies and saturates the color of the stone, making it appear more vivid.

A very few green diamonds are also colored by more complex defects involving nitrogen, hydrogen, or nickel.

The world’s natural green diamonds come from South America and Africa. Nowadays, laboratory irradiation can also produce green diamonds. It’s challenging to tell natural-grown and lab-grown green diamonds apart. Both are real diamonds.

The scarcity of green diamonds makes them very pricey. Color is the most important of the diamond Cs (followed by cut, carat, and clarity) in determining value. As their color becomes more saturated and vibrant, prices rise dramatically. Based on their GIA color intensity grade for a 1-carat stone, a Fancy Green color costs from $50,000 - $100,000; a Fancy Intense Green costs between $150,000 - $200,000, and a Fancy Vivid Green costs $300,000+.

Photo: Wikipedia
The Dresden Green Diamond
The Dresden Green, a 41-carat diamond originating from India’s Golconda mines, is the largest and most famous natural green diamond in the world. It is a chemically pure IIa diamond with VS1 clarity. Frederick Augustus II, Elector of Saxony and King of Poland, paid 400,000 thalers for the diamond in 1741. Perhaps someone should have told Diespach, the court jeweler of Saxony, that fads come and go before, in 1768, he mounted the Dresden Green as an elaborate hat ornament surrounded by 411 white diamonds.😁 Today, it is on display in the Green Vault at Dresden Castle in Germany. The renowned green diamond survived the Seven Years’ War, the Napoleonic Wars, World Wars I and II, its confiscation by the Soviets, who returned it to Dresden in 1958, and the 2019 Dresden Museum heist of royal jewels. Thankfully, at the time of the theft, the Dresden Green was on loan to the Metropolitan Museum in Manhattan.

The Aurora Green (👆top image) is a 5.02 carat Fancy Vivid Green rectangular radiant cut diamond with VS2 clarity. The Aurora Green is surrounded by pink diamonds set in a ring. Found in Brazil, it sold for a wooping $16.8 million, the most expensive price ever paid for a green diamond, at Christie’s Hong Kong in 2016. Chow Tai Fook Jewellery bought it. Without fluorescence, its color is one of a kind!

Photo: Jewelry Point
Personally, I’d rather pay less money to get a bigger, more common white (clear) diamond. Other jewelry lovers may covet uniqueness over size. 

Ultra-rare fancy-colored diamonds are so wildly expensive that customers fork over a ton of moola for a tiny stone, so I wouldn’t buy, but visit them at Tiffany’s New York flagship store or the museums around the world that house them. First a dreamer, then a realist ... and perhaps an adventurous traveler is the way to get more bang for your buck!💚

Thursday, May 28, 2026

Gemstone Brittleness And Cleavage

These are Macy’s commercial-grade gemstones - amethyst, garnet, fancy colored sapphires, citrine, ruby, and emerald.
Earrings, necklaces, and bracelets take fewer knocks, but if you splurge on a ring, for durability, you might want to consider a gemstone's brittleness and cleavage, along with its hardness.

Princess Grace's ring
Hardness refers to a gemstone's rating from 1 (softest) to 10 (hardest) on Mohs' Hardness Scale, which reflects its resistance to surface scratching. While a diamond rates a 10 for hardness, it's actually a brittle gemstone that, 
upon impact, will crack more easily than other gemstones.

Queen Camila's ring
Cleavage is the gemstone's grain. Just like with beef or wood, a crystalline structure (meaning its atomic arrangement) is internally symmetrical. Cleavage refers to natural, predictable planes of weakness within a gemstone's structure where its atomic bonds are frail. These are the areas where a crystal is more likely to shatter.

Wallis Simpson's ring
Brittleness describes how easily a stone breaks or chips if struck. All faceted gemstones are considered brittle, yet how brittle they are depends on their cleavage. A gemstone's cleavage is a major factor in its brittleness and significantly lowers its toughness.

Queen Marguritta II's ring
So what is toughness? If a stone has excellent cleavage (like a diamond or topaz), hitting it at the exact right angle along that plane can cause it to split cleanly in two. Toughness describes a gemstone's resistance to breaking, chipping, or cracking when a heavy blow is applied. As it happens, diamonds have perfect cleavage planes in 4 directions, giving them relatively poor toughness. Despite being the hardest stone on Earth, a perfectly placed hit can cause diamonds to split along their planes (i.e., grains) just like a piece of wood.

Queen Victoria's ring
A cutter of gemstones uses this knowledge to determine how to cut a gemstone. Customers can use it to buy safer and more durable gemstones for everyday wear.

Some gemstones, such as sapphires and rubies, have no cleavage. Their tightly packed atomic structures resist breaking, making them far less brittle and giving them much higher toughness over diamonds to wear as daily rings.

Emeralds have imperfect cleavage in one direction (basal cleavage). Their cleavage and natural internal inclusions (jardins) make them brittle and prone to chipping.

Josephine Beauharnais' ring
Tough Gemstones For Daily Rings are:

Corundum (ruby and sapphire), spinel, alexandrite, moissanites, quartz (amethyst, citrine, agate, jasper), jade (both types), garnets, and turquoise.

High Risk Gemstones for Daily Rings include:

Emerald, topaz, tanzanite, moonstone, sunstone, labradorite, kuzite, and diamond.

Queen Maxima’s ring
Still, if you love the higher-risk gemstones and yearn to wear them as everyday rings, you can do so by selecting protective bezel or halo settings; remove them when you work or wash your hands; and (less desirable) only wear them for special occasions. In other words, be mindful and prepared to baby them. 

jardins in an emerald 
Frankly, I think we should never work or wash our hands with soap without removing all our gemstone rings. I keep a ring holder by the kitchen sink and take off my rings whenever cleaning. Jewelry is never cheap, so why take unnecessary risks? You always want to keep gemstones pristine and sparkling! 
 Queen Alexandra (Alix of Denmark), Queen Letizia of Spain, Diana & Catherine of Wales rings

Famous royal engagement rings are featured throughout today's blog, but no one needs to be engaged to wear a ring!


You may also enjoy:

Monday, May 25, 2026

Dresses For My Senior Mom

It seems every spring I order my senior Mother a few dresses, and this spring is no different. She was a stylish dresser as a younger woman, and she still cares about her appearance.

Old Navy put a summer dress on promotion for $10, which she likely wouldn’t have chosen for herself, fearing it was too youthful, but I think it will look adorable on her when temperatures are boiling.
She was never a sun worshiper and has lovely skin with no noticeable age spots, so why must she stay all covered up just because she’s elderly during the hottest months of the year?

The dress is 100% cotton with hidden pockets! After reading all the reviews, the word mini doesn’t worry me; women of all ages stated the length was just right. None mentioned it being too short. At 5'7", I might’ve ordered tall for myself to be safe. My Mom is petite in stature. The drop skirt is super cute, and the loose fit will make the dress easy to manage for all necessary functions during the day, including sitting in a transport wheelchair for outings. The scoop neck is high up enough and classic, and the back doesn’t dip too low. Also, the straps are substantial enough and far from spaghetti-thin. We can always carry a shawl or sweater to drape over her shoulders.
During the sale, I got her 3 dresses (the colors you see in the post).  They were a bargain! I bought her a t-shirt (for pants) and 2 layering tanks, also, which she wears under clothing and to bed. All are soft and machine washable. Free shipping to boot!

Mom is wearing this cozy t-shirt dress in pink that I bought for her last spring. Pink and red are her favorite colors. I don’t think her new dresses will bunch up like her t-shirt dress when she sits. Here we are years ago, enjoying a summer day.

I have as much fun dressing my Mom now as I did my dolls back in the day.🌞

How did I do?

You may also enjoy:

Thursday, May 21, 2026

What Makes a Red or Pink Diamond?

Photo: Prestigeonline - The Eternal Pink diamond
Today I’d like to feature red and pink diamonds. Natural red and pink diamonds are the rarest diamonds* on earth. Natural pink diamonds make up less than 0.01-0.1% of all gem-quality diamonds mined, while natural red diamonds make up less than 0.00001% of the diamonds mined. Many of them were found in the now closed Argyle mine in North-Eastern Australia. 

Fancy colored gemstones usually form when impurities such as boron or nitrogen enter their atomic structure. This is not the case for pink or red diamonds. Their colors are caused by a distortion in the diamond's crystal lattice produced by intense heat and pressure from all directions after the stone's formation in the earth, an ultra rare occurrence! A special configuration of molecules lets us see the stone as pink or red as light passes through it. 

Red diamonds are often less than a carat in weight. 👈The Moussaieff Red Diamond, a trilliant-cut, internally flawless 5.11-carat red diamond, is the largest known red diamond in the world. Discovered in the 1990s in Brazil’s Minas Gerais region, it weighed 13.90 carats in its rough, uncut form. Auctioned for $8 million in 2001, experts think it would fetch $20 million today due to the double rarity of its color and size.


Photo Phillips Auction House
The Argyle Phoenex👉 at 1.56 carats is the largest brilliant round cut fancy red diamond in the world. The ultra-rare pure red gemstone came from the now-depleted and closed Argyle mine. It sold for a record breaking $4.2 million at a Phillips auction in Geneva in 2024. Small, yet intense and stunning!

Frankly, unlike red diamonds, I’ve never been enamoured by pink diamonds until the 👆Eternal Pink diamond came along. At 10.57 carats, it’s not the biggest pink diamond in the world, but IMHO it’s the most gorgeous, plus I love the diamond's exquisite ring setting. The Eternal Pink diamond is a cushion cut internally flawless Fancy Vivid Purplish Pink color reduced from a 23.78-carat rough stone found in Botswana. In 2023, it was sold at Sotheby's for $34.8 million.

Many of the world’s other big pink diamonds are less saturated, so a paler pink and so large, they don’t look as lovely on a finger, which is not to say you wouldn’t ogle them upon sight.

Photo: National Jewelry/Sotheby's
The CTF Pink Star👉, mined in Africa by DeBeers, is not only the biggest and most expensive pink diamond ever sold, but it is the most pricey gemstone ever auctioned. Costing $71.2 million in 2017, the 59.60-carat oval-mixed cut stone is internally flawless and graded by the GIA as a Fancy Vivid Pink Diamond. 

Golly-gee, is it an enormous diamond to wear as a ring, but I’m sure I could get used to all the carat weight, if I had to wear it.:)

The Desert Rose - Sotheby's
👈The Desert Rose is the largest and most famous pear-shaped diamond in the world. A 31.68 carat Fancy Vivid Orangy Pink diamond, with VVS1 clarity, it sold at Sotheby’s for $8.8 million in 2025.

The Fortune Pink,👇 a mere 18.18 carat diamond graded Fancy Vivid Pink by GIA with VVS2 clarity, was the previous largest pear-shaped Fancy Vivid Pink diamond. Christie’s auctioned it for $28.8 million, and I’m going to show you its luminous beauty below. The new owner can wear it mounted as either a ring or a necklace.

Pink and especially red diamonds start as the rarest gemstones on Earth, and as their natural supply dwindles, their value will keep rising! But more than their monetary value, they are a true, rare, natural phenomenon. Reminders of Mother Nature’s powerful forces and lustrious beauty.

*Red gemstones are the rarest type of gemstone. Rubies are also rare.

You may also enjoy:

Monday, May 18, 2026

Look For An EWG Certification On Beauty Products

EWG stands for Environmental Working Group, an American non-profit organization that specializes in research and advocacy for human health and the environment. In the beauty industry, it is best known for its Skin Deep Database, a website where consumers can find a 1 (low) to 10 (high) hazard score to reflect unclean ingredients contained in their cosmetics. Beyond its rating system, the EWG runs a certification program. The EWG VERIFIED® seal on a makeup product means the cosmetic has passed the EWG's strictest standards, avoiding all of the group’s chemicals of concern. A product’s ingredients must also be fully disclosed (transparent) and be manufactured with robust safety practices.

A recent FDA report found 51 Forever Chemicals (PFAS) in the ingredients of over 1,700 products, frequently found in mascara, liquid lipsticks, and foundations. Forever chemicals are synthetic substances that companies add to makeup to improve durability, water resistance, and texture. Forever chemicals are bad because they never break down and have been linked to cancer and immune system suppression. Imagine using a mascara for years that contains chemicals that are compromising your immune system!

Despite some criticism from the beauty industry, the EWG VERIFIED® seal is your guide to safer personal care products. The organization doesn’t award its seal to brands but to a brand’s individual products. Its database is a useful tool in protecting your health!

3 brands that have the EWG VERIFIED® seal of approval on many of their cosmetics are:

Well People, which describes its products as makeup on the outside and skincare on the inside. It is a clean makeup powered by plants.

Ilia Beauty is highly rated for its clean ingredients and formulas that deliver a natural “your skin but better” glow.

RMS Beauty - offers natural makeup and skincare made with certified organic ingredients.

The EWG rates 1000s of products based on ingredient safety. You can check your favorite cosmetics in the Skin Deep Database to discover if they are clean or not because they contrain worrisome ingredients.👄
 
You may also enjoy:

Friday, May 15, 2026

Lentils & Brown Rice in Sloppy Joe Sauce

In a state of lunacy, I bought 4 pounds of brown lentils. I do not know why. We made lentil soup a couple of times, but we’re tired of soup. There are recipes on the internet for lentil hummus. I didn’t like it as well as chickpea hummus, so scratch that dish. 
I found this recipe for lentil sloppy joes that looks delicious, but it requires too many ingredients I don’t buy. Still, I took the fresh mushrooms idea from it, and I looked at my own Sloppy Joe recipe and came up with a new dish below. We spooned our lentil sloppy Joe sauce over a bed of brown rice instead of sandwich buns to make it easy to eat, so it wasn’t very sloppy.:) My sauce has a hint of heat, which we liked a lot: 

Lentil Sloppy Joe’s Sauce

Ingredients:

3/4 cup lentils
1 medium onion, diced
3 ribs of celery, sliced
2 mini bell peppers, any color - I had red and yellow
1 cup mushrooms, sliced
2 3/4 cups water
1 teaspoon Creole seasoning
1 teaspoon smoked paprika
1 teaspoon oregano
1/2 teaspoon black pepper
A sprinkle of dried red pepper
4 ounces of tomato sauce (Use any type of tomato sauce. I always keep an 8-oz can in my pantry for impromptu recipes.)
2 tablespoons mustard
Always keep a can for recipes.
2 tablespoons honey
1 tablespoon cider vinegar
A sprinkle of hot sauce
A sprinkle of Worcestershire sauce

Separately, I cooked 1 dry cup of brown rice.

Directions for the Sauce:

1) Into a 12-inch skillet, I combined 3/4 cup of lentils with 2 cups of water and let it simmer for 15 minutes before tossing in the onions, celery, bell peppers, and mushrooms. It takes about 25 minutes for the lentils to tenderize. I added 1/4 cup of water whenever the mixture started to become dry.

2) Next, I tossed in the dry seasonings followed by the wet ingredients, simmering and stirring them occasionally until the lentils finished cooking.

We dipped out the brown rice and topped it with our spicy lentil sloppy joe sauce. Surprisenly filling and tasty, it makes a winning side dish or a light and complete protein dinner. Right now I’m liking this dish better than soup! Unlike soup, you can make a little or a lot of it, so don’t have to eat leftovers!

Only 3 pounds of dried lentils to go! Help me, I need more recipes!

You may also enjoy:

Thursday, May 14, 2026

Tools For the Elderly To Keep Clean

For 4 years, I’ve been my mom's caregiver. She has old age dementia, a condition that takes many forms. However, unlike Alzheimer’s patients, she recognizes faces and remains mentally sharp in some areas. Lucky me, my mother can still walk using a walker indoors, and I can bring her to my apartment, so I can attend to my own affairs.

Yet, I notice she has declined mentally and physically with each year. When we began, she walked unassisted on her walker, but now I take her to the bathroom and tend to walk beside her if she rises from her chair because if she loses her balance, she cannot catch herself and sometimes falls. Four years ago, she got up in the middle of the night to use the bathroom alone, which is now too dangerous. She can drink hot coffee from a mug, but has more spills. She can feed herself, yet is messier and won’t always finish her meals without help.

This brings me to today’s blog. I find myself ordering more and more tools to make our lives run more smoothly. I’ll list a few items that help us stay tidy:

1) Qancesed Adult Sippy Cup (↑top of blog image) - A 12 oz size for cold drinks. If dropped, nothing spills through the straw. The lid will come off if thrown across the room, but not if the cup falls off a chair onto the floor. Yes, she tossed her cup across the room once, but after a lecture about taking care of her special cup, she hasn’t since.

2) Aloufea 12 oz Stainless Steel Insulated Coffee Mug With Handle and Lid - For hot drinks, its lightweight and sturdy, and she likes handles. She can’t consistently remember to line her lips up with the lid hole (I don’t see that one coming!), which lets a bit of the coffee run out over the top and down onto her clothing, so we don’t use the lid.

3) Helishy Gel Cushion for Long Sitting - I selected an extra-thick cushion to support her back in her living room chair or in the seat of her transport wheelchair. Placing the cushion behind her back in her chair helps her not to slouch but to have good posture for a stronger back. Nothing good comes from slouching except a bad back and accidents.
Next, let’s discuss my mom's staying in bed during the night instead of getting up to go to the bathroom. Her legs are strong, but her balance is unsteady, and I can’t stay awake all night to walk her to the bathroom. So I put a safety rail + barrier on the side of the bed she’s accustomed to rising from, so she doesn’t get up groggy to fall and hurt herself. And over my 4 years of caregiving, I’ve added 4 incontinence products to our repertoire: washable bed pads, adult pull-ups, adult nylon plastic pants, and booster pads. The booster pads, I didn’t know existed one year ago. The nylon plastic-coated pants look just like pajama bottoms. They make no noise, and paired with a t-shirt, she looks cute!
The idea is to keep my mom safe, clean, healthy, and as independent as possible, which also makes my job easier!

Usually, I’ll help my mom eat her dinner, but I've come up with 2 breakfast bowls she can eat by herself --

These bowls are from Healthy Choice frozen meals. We stopped buying the meals, but I saved the bowls since they microwave food without sticking.
1) An omelette, diced: 2 scrambled eggs, 2 - 4 slices of smoked ham or smoked turkey, cheese, and a slice of whole grain bread (whole wheat or rye). Usually, I add a little bit of milk to soak the bread to make it easier to chew. A dash of garlic, nutmeg and pepper.

2) Oatmeal - 1/4 cup oatmeal flakes, milk, a handful of walnuts, chopped fruit (alternate: apple, banana, strawberries, blueberries, a peach, a pear, pineapple, etc.), a tablespoon of peanut butter, sometimes a sprinkle of brown sugar or a drizzle of honey. A dash of nutmeg and cinnamon. My mother taught me that spices had health benefits. Sometimes I toss in a handful of Chex cereal for a crunchy texture.

She has one or the other nearly every morning, and I can make the beds, take a shower, and get dressed while she eats her breakfast.

I got her an adult bib, but she doesn’t like it, so we simply use a tea towel.

Caregiving for an elderly parent is very similar to caring for young children. You can’t lift an adult like a toddler, yet you can leave them alone to grocery shop and run errands. Caring for the very young or very old each has its unique challenges and ease, and stepping up for family is sometimes by trial and error. We learn as we go along and do the best we can with what we know at the time. Friends say my mom is looking good, and I know she’s happier living with me than in a nursing home. But what if my mother didn’t have a daughter? After 75+ years of paying taxes, our country should provide meaningful benefits for the elderly. Meals and visiting nurse practitioners could keep many seniors in their own homes. One day that elderly person will be you, so vote wisely!

You may also enjoy:

Monday, May 11, 2026

Michael Gabriels Lab Created Diamond Jewelry

Michael Gabriels lab-grown diamond ring
Diamonds over 2 carats increase in price exponentially, not linearly, because eye-clean, bigger diamonds are rarer and in demand. The jewelry industry uses the term magic sizes to describe the price jump at round numbers that occur at .05, 1.00, 2.00, 3.00 carats and up. If you buy a natural diamond ring slightly below the round numbers, for example, at 2.95 carats, you’ll pay less but get the same effect as a 3.00 carat diamond ring.
Nowadays, people who desire bigger carats are considering lab-grown diamonds for at least 50% less than the cost of natural diamonds of the same size and quality. Lab-grown diamonds are real diamonds. Just like natural-grown diamonds, lab-grown diamonds are pure carbon arranged in a crystal lattice. They have the exact same chemical, physical, and optical properties as natural diamonds. The difference between the two is their origins. Natural diamonds are created over billions of years in the earth, while lab-grown diamonds are created in weeks in a laboratory using advanced technology that mimics the natural geological process of diamond formation. 

Do you want to know how lab diamonds are created? Two methods are used: High Pressure High Temperature (HPHT), which mimics the Earth’s mantle, and Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD), which uses carbon-rich gas to grow diamond crystals atom by atom. Both methods produce 100% real diamonds. HPHT produces high-quality, often larger crystals and intensely colored diamonds with strong, consistent crystals, while CVD offers greater control, producing exceptional clarity and larger, high-quality, colorless stones such as pure type 2a (IIa) diamonds (i.e. diamonds without metallic inclusions, which are very, very rare in natural diamonds). Only an expert with a spectroscopy in a laboratory can tell a natural diamond and a lab diamond apart. Natural diamonds usually contain small amounts of nitrogen gas that become incorporated into the diamond structure. UV light (fluorescence) can highlight the growth structure of the diamond being tested. Lab-grown diamonds can also be identified by the types of inclusions they might show. CVD, HPHT, and natural diamonds will all have their own distinctive inclusions. Type 2a diamonds produced by the CVD method are the most chemically pure type of diamond, containing no measurable nitrogen, boron, or metallic impurities. They have exceptional transparency and brilliance, comprising less than 2% of gem-quality diamonds. Of course, that would add to their expense.

Often, you pay 50%-70% less for lab-grown diamonds, which usually have better color (D-F) and clarity (VS1) than natural diamonds. In other words, customers get a bigger, cleaner stone for less money. More sparkle! Natural diamonds fetch a higher resale value. But jewelry isn’t an investment, and you should only think of it as a luxury buy, since you’ll usually lose money by selling your jewelry.

Lab-grown diamonds are lowering the price of both natural and lab diamonds as more retailers enter the market and more people buy them.

Michael Gabriels, a 3rd-generation New York jeweler at 46 Howard Street in Soho specializes in lab-grown diamond jewelry with stellar craftsmanship, beautiful design, and good reviews for attentive customer service. Good craftsmanship is vital. You want to buy excellent cut diamonds. In a tennis bracelet or necklace, you want all the diamonds to have matching color and clarity. With regular promotions, you can also score a deal.
Lab-grown diamond jewelry isn’t cheap, but it’s sustainable and considered a better value because you can get more carats and better color and clarity for a lot less moola! No longer must customers spend 5-figures to buy a bigger or cleaner carat diamond ring, bracelet, or pair of earrings!

You may also enjoy: